Who is credited with the development of the theory of deviance and middle range theories?

Robert Merton is recognized for his significant contributions to the theory of deviance through his development of the strain theory, which explores how societal pressures can lead individuals to engage in deviant behavior. Merton's work emphasizes the relationship between socially accepted goals and the means available to achieve them, positing that when individuals are unable to attain culturally approved success through legitimate means, they may resort to alternative, deviant methods.

Additionally, Merton is well-known for his concept of middle-range theories. Unlike broad, grand theories that aim to explain all social phenomena, middle-range theories focus on specific aspects of social life, making them more testable and applicable to empirical research. This approach allows sociologists to draw connections between theory and observation in a more precise manner.

In this context, Merton's theories provide a foundational understanding of how societal structures and expectations influence individual behavior, making his work pivotal in the field of sociology, particularly regarding deviance.