Which type of formal organization is primarily driven by shared values and goals rather than material or coercive forces?

Normative organizations are primarily driven by shared values and goals. These organizations focus on promoting specific social causes or moral objectives, where members join voluntarily to pursue this common purpose. This type of organization is characterized by a strong sense of community and commitment to ideals or values, distinguishing it from other types of organizations that may rely more heavily on economic incentives or coercive measures.

In contrast, utilitarian organizations are motivated primarily by material benefits, such as employment or financial gain, while coercive organizations involve members being coerced or forced to participate, often under duress or control, such as in prisons or asylums. Instrumental organizations are focused on achieving specific, pragmatic goals, often through a more structured, hierarchical approach, which may not necessarily connect with shared values in the same way that normative organizations do.

Overall, the essence of normative organizations lies in their commitment to shared beliefs and collective goals, making them unique in their focus on social and moral alignment among their members.