Which theory focuses on the interdependence of society's parts and their roles?

Functionalism is the correct answer because it emphasizes the idea that various components of society work together to maintain stability and social order. This theory posits that each part of society, such as institutions, norms, and values, serves a specific function that contributes to the overall functioning and cohesion of the social system. By examining the interdependence of these parts, functionalism enables us to understand how they collectively contribute to the health and stability of society.

For example, institutions like family, education, and religion play distinct roles but are interconnected; changes or disruptions in one can affect the others, illustrating the importance of understanding these relationships. This perspective highlights the necessity of each part functioning properly for society to thrive, which is central to the functionalist viewpoint.