What type of authority is described as being earned through personal achievements and credentials?

The type of authority that is earned through personal achievements and credentials is legitimate authority. This form of authority arises when individuals have a recognized and accepted right to lead based on their expertise, qualifications, or formal roles within an institution or organization. For instance, a professor may gain legitimate authority through their advanced education and research accomplishments, which establish them as a credible source of knowledge in their field.

While traditional authority is based on long-standing customs and practices, and charismatic authority stems from the personal qualities and appeal of an individual, legitimate authority specifically ties to the recognition of a person's achievements and credentials as valid and deserving of respect and compliance. Coercive authority relies on the use of force or threats to maintain control, which is distinct from the voluntary acceptance that characterizes legitimate authority.