What theory suggests that every aspect of society serves a purpose or function?

Functionalism is the correct choice because it is a sociological perspective that views society as a complex system whose parts work together to promote stability and order. According to this theory, every element within society—such as institutions, norms, and values—serves a specific function that contributes to the overall functioning and equilibrium of society. For example, education serves the function of socializing children and preparing them for the workforce, while the family unit contributes to emotional support and socialization.

In contrast, Conflict Theory focuses on the struggles between different social classes and the power dynamics inherent in those struggles, often prioritizing the conflicts over functions. Symbolic Interactionism emphasizes the meanings and interactions between individuals rather than broader societal functions. Social Constructionism centers on how social phenomena are created and maintained through social processes, which diverges from the idea of predefined functions for societal elements. Each of these perspectives views society through a different lens, but Functionalism stands out for its emphasis on the purpose each aspect serves within the social structure.