What term defines the ability to influence and mobilize individuals within a group, often through fear?

The correct answer is power, which is a central concept in sociology. Power refers to the capacity of an individual or group to influence the actions, beliefs, or conduct of others, and it often operates through various mechanisms, including fear. When power is exerted through fear, individuals may comply with demands not because they agree with them, but rather due to the threat of negative consequences.

In sociological terms, power can manifest in different forms, including coercive power, which directly relies on fear and punishment to achieve obedience. Unlike authority, which is often grounded in legitimacy and social structures, power can be exerted without the need for formal recognition or consent from those being influenced. Consequently, power can be more about the dynamics of relationships and interactions than about established systems.

While authority refers to recognized and legitimate power, influence denotes the capacity to effect change without resorting to coercion, and control implies a more rigid and structured approach to authority and influence. Understanding the nuances between these terms is crucial in analyzing social dynamics and structures.