What social theory advocates that social institutions function to maintain social stability?

Functionalism is the correct answer because it posits that various social institutions and processes exist to contribute to the overall stability and functioning of society. According to this theory, every aspect of society—from family structures to education systems—serves a purpose that helps maintain social order and cohesion. Functionalists believe that social institutions work harmoniously to address the needs of individuals and society as a whole, ensuring that society remains stable and integrated.

For instance, schools educate future generations and prepare individuals for their roles in the workforce, while the legal system establishes norms and rules that promote social order. This viewpoint emphasizes the interdependence of different parts of society and how they work together to maintain a balanced social structure.

In contrast, other theories offer different perspectives on the role of social institutions. Social Action Theory focuses more on individual actions and interpretations rather than the overall stability of society. Cultural Relativism emphasizes understanding cultural practices within their own contexts without imposing external judgments, which is a different angle than stability. Conflict Theory, on the other hand, suggests that social institutions often reflect and perpetuate inequalities and tensions within society, primarily driven by power struggles rather than a focus on stability.