What is the term for a culture that entirely deviates from the dominant culture, such as hippies or Amish?

The correct term for a culture that entirely deviates from the dominant culture is "Counter Culture." This term describes groups that not only differ from the main cultural norms but also actively reject and oppose them. For instance, the hippie movement of the 1960s embodied anti-establishment sentiments, advocating for peace, love, and alternative lifestyles, which were in stark contrast to the dominant cultural values of the time. Similarly, groups like the Amish maintain distinct beliefs, practices, and ways of life that stand apart from the mainstream society, often rejecting modern technology and conveniences.

In contrast, the concept of a subculture refers to a group that exists within a larger culture but retains its unique characteristics, often sharing some values and beliefs with the dominant culture. Communal culture typically emphasizes living as a community based on shared resources and values but may not necessarily oppose the dominant culture. Traditional culture involves long-established beliefs and practices that may continue to exist alongside or integrate with the dominant culture rather than reject it. Thus, "Counter Culture" aptly captures the nature of groups that fundamentally oppose and seek to redefine societal norms.