What is the sociological term for behaviors or beliefs that a culture categorizes as taboo?

The correct answer is the term "mores," which refers to the norms that are considered essential to the functioning of a society and often have moral significance. When behaviors or beliefs are labeled as taboo, they signal that there are strong social sanctions against these actions, reflecting the deep-seated values of that culture. Violating these mores can lead to serious consequences, such as social ostracism or legal penalties, because they are seen as harmful to the social order.

In contrast, folkways are less rigid social norms that govern everyday behavior. While they are important for smooth social interaction, violating them typically results in less severe reactions. Customs are traditions or practices that a particular group follows but do not necessarily have a strong moral or ethical dimension. Norms, in general, encompass both mores and folkways and represent the broader behaviors expected within a culture. Thus, while all these terms relate to social expectations, mores specifically address those behaviors and beliefs deemed taboo, highlighting their importance in maintaining societal integrity.