What does "urbanization" describe?

Urbanization primarily refers to the process by which a growing proportion of a population becomes concentrated in urban areas, such as cities and towns. This phenomenon occurs due to various factors, including economic opportunities, migration from rural areas, and industrialization, which draws individuals to cities in search of jobs and better living standards.

As urban areas expand, they often see increased infrastructure development, changes in social and economic dynamics, and shifts in lifestyle. This increasing concentration in urban areas can lead to a range of sociological implications, including changes in social relationships, community structures, and access to resources.

The other options describe aspects related to urbanization but do not capture its full essence. The decline of rural areas can be a consequence of urbanization, while the movement to suburban areas represents a different phenomenon – suburbanization. Similarly, while agricultural practices may change in response to urbanization, they do not define it. Urbanization specifically centers on the growth and migration of populations towards cities.