What distinguishes "values" from "norms" in sociology?

In sociology, the distinction between values and norms is fundamental to understanding how societies function. Values refer to the collective principles or standards that a group or society holds important. They represent what is considered desirable, good, or worthwhile, guiding the attitudes and beliefs of individuals. Examples of values include concepts such as freedom, equality, justice, and respect.

Norms, on the other hand, are the rules and expectations that govern behavior within a society or group. They prescribe how individuals should act in specific situations and can be formal, such as laws, or informal, such as social etiquettes or customs. Norms are influenced by the underlying values of a society; for instance, if a society values respect for others, it may have norms that promote polite behavior.

Thus, the correct answer highlights that values are the principles that inform cultural priorities, while norms are specific behaviors that arise from those values. This relationship is essential for understanding the dynamics of social interaction and the way societal standards are maintained.