What characterizes a "class system"?

A class system is characterized by the presence of social mobility and individual achievement, which allows individuals to move between different social classes based on their abilities, efforts, and accomplishments. This system stands in contrast to more rigid forms of social stratification, such as caste systems, where social standing is largely determined by birth and remains fixed throughout a person's life.

In a class system, factors such as education, occupation, wealth, and personal initiative can significantly influence an individual's social position. This allows for the possibility of upward mobility, where individuals can improve their social standing through hard work and success. The recognition of individual achievement as a key component of social status fosters competition and encourages personal development.

In contrast, fixed social roles and dependence on birthright denote a more rigid social structure, where one's status is predetermined by family background, thus limiting opportunities for change. A lack of social interaction does not accurately reflect the dynamics within a class system, as interaction is a crucial aspect of social relationships and mobility. Therefore, the defining characteristic of a class system is its emphasis on individual achievement and the potential for social mobility.