How is "deviance" defined in sociological terms?

In sociological terms, "deviance" is defined as behavior that violates societal norms. This concept encompasses a wide range of actions, beliefs, and characteristics that diverge from what is considered acceptable in a given society or social group. Deviance is not inherently negative; it includes various forms of behavior that may challenge or differ from established norms, which can lead to social change or highlight issues within a society.

Understanding deviance is critical in sociology because it reflects the values and expectations of a society. Norms are social rules that define acceptable behavior, and when individuals violate these norms, they may be labeled as deviant. This deviation prompts sociologists to examine how societies react to such behavior, the implications for social order, and the meanings associated with deviance.

By contrast, behaviors that align with societal norms, adhere to laws, or are accepted by the majority do not fall under the definition of deviance. These behaviors reinforce the existing social structure rather than challenge or deviate from it. Thus, recognizing deviance helps sociologists analyze the dynamic nature of social expectations and the mechanisms through which societies maintain or change those expectations.