Differentiate between "ascribed" and "achieved" status.

The distinction between ascribed and achieved status is fundamental in sociology, and the correct choice aptly captures this difference. Ascribed status refers to a social position that an individual occupies as a result of inherent characteristics such as race, gender, ethnicity, or family background. These statuses are typically assigned at birth and are not subject to personal choice or effort, meaning they are involuntary.

In contrast, achieved status is related to personal accomplishments and choices. It reflects an individual's actions, efforts, and abilities, such as educational attainment or career success. Individuals can shape their achieved status through their actions and decisions over time.

The correct answer highlights that ascribed status is inherent and involuntary, while achieved status results from personal actions, emphasizing the dynamic nature of one’s social identity and role within society. This distinction is vital for understanding how individuals navigate their social worlds and the varying degrees of control they have over their social status.